破“五唯”政策视角下的学术成果评价研究

最近,教育部、科技部等部门出台了多个破除"五唯"不良倾向的政策文件,特别强调要破除学术成果评价中的"五唯"导向.那么,我国学术成果评价究竟存在哪些问题、原因何在、如何解决?梳理已有文献发现:目前我国学术成果评价容易受到作者个人和单位级别的影响;学术成果评价与个人利益、单位利益相联系;单位的学术成果评价制度受到各级政府部门出台的政策文件影响;交叉学科学术成果评价存在盲区.分析认为:全球各评估机构发布学术评估指标的导向作用,国家、省部级及各级教学科研单位制定的学术成果评价制度,按照学科专业细分学术成果的相关制度等,均是造成不良评价倾向的诱因.为此,笔者借鉴发达国家学术成果评价的成功经验,结合我国学术成果评价的目的,建议重新审视我国学术成果评价制度,不唯论文不是不要论文,进而完善我国学术成果的评价方法,鼓励创作出有价值、高水平的原创学术成果.     

Cox regression of clustered event times with covariates missing not at random

Motivated by a recent tuberculosis (TB) study, this paper is concerned with covariates missing not at random (MNAR) and models the potential intracluster correlation by a frailty. We consider the regression analysis of right‐censored event times from clustered subjects under a Cox proportional hazards frailty model and present the semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator (SPMLE) of the model parameters. An easy‐to‐implement pseudo‐SPMLE is then proposed to accommodate more realistic situations using readily available supplementary information on the missing covariates. Algorithms are provided to compute the estimators and their consistent variance estimators. We demonstrate that both the SPMLE and the pseudo‐SPMLE are consistent and asymptotically normal by the arguments based on the theory of modern empirical processes. The proposed approach is examined numerically via simulation and illustrated with an analysis of the motivating TB study data.     

提升中小学生阅读兴趣的实证研究——基于MIMIC模型的教学效能分析

提升学生的阅读素养是当前我国阅读课程教学改革的重要目标之一。本研究首次尝试将群文阅读这种新兴的阅读教学方式与传统的单本阅读教学方式进行对比研究，主要从提升学生阅读兴趣的效能方面进行分析与探讨。实验涉及我国中西部5个省市、6个区县共计1 231名中小学生，并使用MIMIC模型，在有效控制测量误差的基础上，对实证数据进行了量化建模与分析，通过分析发现，群文阅读教学对激发学生阅读的“情境兴趣”有更加显著的作用，具体表现为对学生阅读注意力、情感体验、探索意愿、价值感知的影响更大，同时也验证了Knogler提出的“情境兴趣模型”在阅读教学领域的适用性，从而为进一步推进我国中小学阅读课程教学改革提供了科学的数据支撑。因此，为提升中小学生阅读素养，在阅读教学中引入群文阅读这一新兴的教学方式，具有重要的实践价值和现实意义。     

有限差分法正演在IBM-PC机上的实现

本文阐述了有限差分法波动方程正演模型的基本原理，并在IBM-PC机上编写了应用程序，计算结果表明，在微机上实现有限差分法波动方程正演是可行的。     

适应性网络空间抽样的设计及估计研究

随着大数据背景下抽样环境复杂化，特别是3S技术（遥感技术、地理信息系统和全球定位系统）日趋成熟，越来越多社会经济问题涉及空间抽样，其样本呈现出规模相对稀少、分布不均匀、局部聚集的特征，使得传统抽样调查面临着严重挑战。本文介绍了适应性抽样技术应用于空间网络环境的基本原理、主要操作步骤和马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗估计推断，并以广州市天河区的商户抽样为例讨论实际操作中应注意的问题，以期为流动人口、环境污染、区域经济研究等方面调查提供理论支撑和实证方法参考。     

The quest for legitimacy and the communication of strategic cross-sectoral partnership on Facebook: A big data study

Nowadays, many wicked problems such as environmental issues require organizations from multiple sectors to form cross-sectoral alliances. Cross-sectoral alliance networks can transfer resources and signal affiliations and value alignment between strategic partners. The communication of cross-sectoral alliances is a form of CSR communication that serves organizations’ strategic goals and objectives. Drawing on the literature on digital CSR communication and legitimacy theory, this article examines which legitimacy needs shape the formation of cross-sectoral ties on Facebook in addressing environmental and sustainable development issues in the United States. Combining data-mining, text-mining, social network analysis, and exponential graph modeling, this research investigates the structure of a network among 3071 organizations across multiple sectors. Findings show that organizations’ cross-sectoral tie formation is mainly driven by social legitimacy and alliance legitimacy needs.     

融媒体时代数字化词典编纂出版的现状及其问题

融媒体是词典数字化转型的重大机遇。目前对数字化词典的讨论普遍聚焦于多媒体词典或多模态词典，模糊了媒体融合背景下词典编纂出版的多媒体与多模态的功能差异，使得数字化词典停留在一个较低发展阶段。文章在对数字化词典调研的基础上，分析发现在词典编纂方面主要存在混淆多媒体和多模态的概念内涵、缺乏媒体融合的多模态词典文本、词典文本的组织单位和形态不一致以及缺乏对用户群体的精准服务等问题，而在词典出版方面主要存在编纂出版平台不统一、词典用户个性化知识需求尚待满足、词典文本的新媒介尚待挖掘和盈利新模式尚待开创等问题。     

论公众环境权的非排他性

非排他性是公众环境权的核心特性。为适应环境权理论的纵深化发展，除了从外部视角审视环境权的属性、内容、定位等特征之外，应当从内部结构对环境权本质特性予以剖析。生态环境具有公共物品属性，导致生态环境治理受到外部性理论与搭便车效应的制约。由于生态环境具有公众共用性，既有的环境权利理论应当接受非排他性与非竞争性两大特征的改造。公众环境权的非排他性体现在主体的不特定性、客体的非拥挤性和内容的共享性等方面。将公众环境权理解为公众对作为公众共用物的生态环境享有的非排他性权利，意味着可从保障权利主体的非排他性与客体的非拥挤性两个面向来实现对公众环境权的保护。     

Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development

A randomized trial allows estimation of the causal effect of an intervention compared to a control in the overall population and in subpopulations defined by baseline characteristics. Often, however, clinical questions also arise regarding the treatment effect in subpopulations of patients, which would experience clinical or disease related events post-randomization. Events that occur after treatment initiation and potentially affect the interpretation or the existence of the measurements are called intercurrent events in the ICH E9(R1) guideline. If the intercurrent event is a consequence of treatment, randomization alone is no longer sufficient to meaningfully estimate the treatment effect. Analyses comparing the subgroups of patients without the intercurrent events for intervention and control will not estimate a causal effect. This is well known, but post-hoc analyses of this kind are commonly performed in drug development. An alternative approach is the principal stratum strategy, which classifies subjects according to their potential occurrence of an intercurrent event on both study arms. We illustrate with examples that questions formulated through principal strata occur naturally in drug development and argue that approaching these questions with the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework has the potential to lead to more transparent assumptions as well as more adequate analyses and conclusions. In addition, we provide an overview of assumptions required for estimation of effects in principal strata. Most of these assumptions are unverifiable and should hence be based on solid scientific understanding. Sensitivity analyses are needed to assess robustness of conclusions.     

职场监视5.0下劳动者个人数据保护的困境与出路

算法技术促使职场监视进行了5.0升级,由此造成的侵权风险以"数据收集"与"数据处理"为技术路径嵌入算法雇佣决策,凸显劳动者个人数据保护对规制算法技术侵权风险的意义.反观我国劳动者个人数据保护方式,无论是"用人单位的数据治理义务"还是"劳动者的个人数据赋权"在职场监视5.0下均面临诸多困境.基于此,应以数字人权、场景理念、预防原则、比例原则、人对机器的控制以及社会对话等六大基本理念为指引修正"用人单位的数据治理义务"与"劳动者的个人数据赋权",有效保护劳动者的个人数据.